Gloria Davenport

Written By: Gloria Davenport Ph.D. 

Until the mid to mid 1990s there seemed to be either a general ignorance regarding instincts or a reluctance to teach it, perhaps because the concept was perceived as unclear, too difficult, rarely referenced, or confused with subtypes.  

Although instincts and subtypes were mentioned by Claudio Naranjo in his early 1971 Berkeley trainings, neither concept was fully developed at the time.  Nevertheless, Kathy Speet...

Subscribe today (returning users login) to access more of this article as well as the entire Enneagram Monthly archive.

Subscribe here.